Metal detector on Arduino
The best time for a metal search is the earliest spring, when the snow has already melted, the soil has thawed, but the grass has not yet had time to intertwine everything with roots and complicate the digging up of artifacts from the past. And it is doubly pleasant to raise treasures with a homemade device made with your own hands, which means let's study the next MD scheme.
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Diagram of a metal detector on Arduino
Despite the extreme simplicity (except for the Arduino board, there is only a single-transistor generator), the metal detector has relatively good sensitivity and excellent stability during operation.
Metal Detector Assembly Parts
Arduino Nano R3
Transistor: Regular NPN
LED 3 pieces
Buzzer (squeaker)
4.3V zener diode
Search Coil
Resistors and capacitors
The metal detector really has a fairly good sensitivity and excellent stability in operation, so there is no need for any calibration even during long-term operation. True, it does not discriminate against metals. Also, the size and inductance of the detector coil are not critical, and most importantly, the circuit will definitely work immediately after manufacture, unless, of course, you make mistakes. All this makes the device an ideal metal detector for beginners (at the same time you will upgrade Arduinism).
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The detecting part is a simple Colpitts oscillator (three-point, in our language) with a resonant circuit consisting of C2, C3 and SEARCH_COIL. This oscillator will have a frequency of approximately 260 kHz.
The entire device consists of several components: an Arduino nano microcontroller, BC337 or a similar NPN transistor, several resistors and capacitors, a zener diode and LEDs.
Zener diode D1 is used to limit the voltage on the Arduino pin to a safe 4.3 V. C5 and R4 provide a connection between the generator output and the ground.
Here, any coil with an inductance of about 200-400 μH should work, you just need to have a sufficiently low resistance. This will give a frequency of about 200-400 kHz, which is within the range that an Arduino can handle.
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The photo used a coil with a diameter of 20 cm, which contains 25 turns, but the detector worked quite correctly with two concentrically located coils with a diameter of 12 and 23 cm, each of which had 25 turns and were connected in series.
The Arduino code counts every 100 milliseconds how many pulses have occurred and stores this as a baseline. In the main cycle, count how many pulses occurred in 100 milliseconds, save it as the number.
If the counter value has changed from the baseline, the LED turns on and the buzzer activates. That is, the detector is continuously calibrated every 100 milliseconds.
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The code is relatively simple thanks to the FreqCount library. The advantage of this type of code is that no adjustments or calibration are required for the device to work, and the disadvantage is that the movement of the object in relation to the coil is necessary to detect a metal object (as in the popular Volksturm).
We will not describe the constructiveness in detail - here everyone will come up with something on their own, with a little imagination. Or just experiment on the table, switching to more complex, but professional designs of homemade metal detectors.
