Here is an extremely simple, but deserving of the right to exist metal detector, for the manufacture of which only one cheap integrated circuit OU TL084 is required.
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What you need to assemble a circuit
TL084 Quad Op-Amp
Variable capacitor 100 pF
Search Coils
Headphone
The project was presented in Everyday Practical Electronics Magazine in 2006 and since then has become quite popular among novice radio amateurs, since due to the simplicity of the circuit, excellent repeatability has come out and the results are really good.
The device is highly stable and sensitive, for example, a small coin can be detected at a distance of 15 cm, and a larger metal object at a distance of more than 50 centimeters.
To assemble a metal detector, you will need several components: a TL084 op-amp (TL074 or TL064), a 100 pF variable capacitor, for example, from an old portable AM radio, a piezo speaker and a dual search coil.
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The concept is based on BFO (Beat Frequency Generator) and the IB (Induction Balance) principle, so the circuit can be called a BB (Beat Balance) metal detector. Its main characteristics are as follows:
Depending on the design, the BB metal detector potentially has the same sensitivity as the IB.
It does not require a receiver, amplifier or level detector, which greatly simplifies the design and reduces the cost of assembly.
Both search generators are identical, so the BB is highly resistant to voltage and temperature fluctuations.
Each search coil has an opposite reaction to the metal, so the BB circuitry has a high degree of immunity to soil mineralization.
Production of metal detector coils
The two coils must be identical, the method of their manufacture is as follows:
Each coil has a diameter of 12 cm and consists of 70 turns of 0.3 mm enameled copper wire. Make sure to leave a small gap so that the screen does not behave like a short-circuited turn. Next, we need to connect the coils to the MD circuit using decent microphone cables, taking care to correctly identify the start and end wires as shown in the figure.
Setting up a metal detector circuit
Setting up a metal detector is very simple:
To begin with, you need to arrange the two windings so that the gap between them is the smallest, and the variable capacitor is in the middle position. A very high frequency tone will be heard.
Next, gradually increase the overlap, reducing the frequency of the sound in the dynamics. We continue this until the sound disappears.
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Then move the variable capacitor until the sound with the lowest frequency is heard.
Now the detector has reached maximum sensitivity.
The detector is surprisingly stable, but from time to time it needs to be fine-tuned with a variable capacitor. For clearer sound, you can connect that headphone output to an audio amplifier, otherwise the headphone volume is enough for outdoor work.
And keep in mind that on the ground, the situation with metal cutting depends on its composition and humidity. Good luck building MD!
